Lysates were clarified from sonicated nuclei and histone-DNA complexes were isolated with antibody for ChIP . For RNA colonic crypts were homogenized on ice in lysis buffer (RNAqueous Isolation kit, Ambion) generate multiplex libraries for whole-transcriptome analysis following Illumina’s TruSeq RNA v2 sample preparation protocol. Libraries from 24 individual rats per treatment were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2000. BioScientific NETflex (ChIPseq kit 5143-01, Barcodes kit 514120) multiplex libraries from ChIPed DNA (10 nM) were sequenced using a Illumina Hiseq 2000 DNA Sequencer. Libraries from biological replicates of pooled ChIPed samples per treatment were individully sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2000. ChIP-seq with BioScientific NETflex (ChIPseq kit 5143-01, Barcodes kit 514120)and RNA-seq (Illumina’s TruSeq RNA v2 )