[RNA-Seq] Total RNA was extracted from cells using the GeneJet RNA Purification Kit (Thermo Scientific) 4 days after infection. One µg of RNA was used for generation of sequencing library using the TruSeq RNA Library Prep Kit V2 (Illumina) according to the manufacturer's instructions. [ChIP-Seq] Mouse VSMCs were fixed using 1% formaldehyde for 10 min, and 0.125 M glycine was added to stop fixation. Cells were harvested, and DNA was fragmented to 300–500 bp by sonication with Covaris S220 sonicator. Immunoprecipitation was performed with antibodies conjugated to Dynabeads Protein G beads (Life Technology). ChIP DNA was eluted, reverse cross-linked, extracted by phenol/chloroform, and precipitated. [RIP-Seq] RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) was carried out using the Magna RIPTM RNA-Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation Kit (Millipore) according to manufacturer's instructions. Eluted RNA was precipitated, quantified, and subjected to RT-qPCR or library generation for sequencing. RNA sequencing libraries were prepared with the TruSeqTM RNA Sample Preparation Kit (Illumina).