Total RNA was extracted using standard Trizol protocol. ChIP/CHART-enriched and input DNA were extracted with phenol:chloroform. RNA-seq libraries were generated by dUTP-mediated directional RNA-seq based on NEBNext Ultra directional RNA library preparation protocol. ChIP-seq and Hi-C libraries were generated by NEBNext ChIP-Seq Library Prep Master Mix Set for Illumina. CHART-seq libraries were generated by NEBNext Ultra DNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina.