total RNA was isolated using the Rneasy kit (Qiagen); genomic DNA was isolated using the DNeasy blood & tissue kit (Qiagen) For CAGE, ChIP-, and WGB-sequencing the CAGE™ Preparation Kit (DNAFORM.jp), NEBNext Ultra Prep Kit for Illumina (NEB), and EpiTect Bisulfite (Qiagen) + TruSeq DNA PCR-Free LT Sample Prep Kit (Illumina) were used, respectively